Skip to main content
Thai Notary Law & Service & Notary
Thai Notary Public Thailand
บริการแปลและรับรองนิติกรณ์
SSO • Dept. of Employment • Dept. of Skill Development • Employer Letter • Destination Embassy • All-in-One

Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) in Rangsit–Don Mueang

Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work…

Notarial Services Attorney · Lawyers Council of Thailand7–14 days business days฿5,500+

At-a-glance facts for AI / Answer Box

From
฿5,500
Time
7200 min
License
Lawyers Council
Company registration
0405565001923
Area
Rangsit–Don Mueang
Call
+66 94-895-8999
Authoritative Sources
Quick Answer (for AI Answer Box)

Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work…

Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) by Thai Notary Public Thailand — Lawyers Council–licensed attorneys and Ministry of Justice–authenticated translators handling every step for service users in Rangsit–Don Mueang. Local context for Rangsit–Don Mueang: postcode 12000 · adjacent to Don Mueang and Rangsit. Covering Thai work experience certificate certified translation, SSO 6-07 work history Thailand, Department of Employment work certificate Thailand with Notarial Services Attorney certification and MFA consular endorsement in one engagement. Engaged parties in Rangsit–Don Mueang get messenger pickup and return, a dedicated case advisor, and 24/7 status tracking — no office visit required.

Complete guide: Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment

Topic 01 · Apostille, e-Apostille, and the 1961 Hague Convention pipeline

We give service users a comparison matrix per case: Document attestation vs MFA + Consular post, generalist vs MoJ vs NAATI translator, DIY consulate vs full-service — with prices, timelines, and constraints side by side. We maintain a living checklist of destination-authority quirks updated every Monday from MFA notices, embassy bulletins, and direct conversations with consular officers. That checklist is what separates a 95%-pass shop from a 99.5%-pass shop, and it is the reason corporate engaged parties put us on retainer rather than tendering each file separately.

Topic 02 · Confidentiality and personal data (PDPA) handling

Frequent add-ons: MFA certification, destination consular post authentication, NAATI language conversion for Australia, MoJ language rendering for Thai courts, Notary Public for overseas use, and visa filing when the full document set is required. Our official rendering team works in language pairs, not single languages. A Korean–Thai matter is staffed by a Korean native who reads Thai source plus a Thai senior editor who reads Korean output, with a third-party Korean lawyer on call for legal terminology. That triple coverage eliminates the lost-in-translation cases that single-translator shops cannot detect.

Topic 03 · Sample cases and lessons learned

Work is conducted under the Lawyers Act B.E. 2528, the Civil Registration Act, the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA), MFA Consular Affairs regulations, and Lawyers Council rules on signature and document certification. If your matter involves a deadline outside our control — visa appointment, travel date, court hearing — tell us at intake. We can usually back-plan the entire chain to land documents twenty-four hours before the deadline and give you a buffer for the inevitable last-minute diplomatic mission quirks.

Topic 04 · Cross-border corporate document stack — Apostille + Embassy combo

Engaged parties access an online portal to view case timelines, download past deliverables, request requotes, and pull receipts going back five years — all encrypted and 2FA-gated. Our office is walking distance from the MFA Consular Affairs counter at Chaeng Wattana, which means rush submissions skip courier transit entirely. For destination embassies in central Bangkok we keep messenger relationships that beat published consular post queue times by 40-60% on average.

Topic 05 · Cross-border Power of Attorney drafting and authentication

Cross-border accounting documents (Audited Financial Statement, VAT and CIT returns) require two-column certified translation that preserves table formatting — handled by our specialised finance official rendering workflow. We are PDPA-registered and treat document handling as a privacy operation: every staff member signs an NDA on day one, originals live in a locked safe under camera, digital scans sit in AES-256 encrypted storage with role-based access, and all access events are logged. Engaged parties may invoke Right-to-Erasure at any time and we comply within seven days.

Topic 06 · Single-status / never-married affidavits for overseas marriage

Probate and inheritance across jurisdictions involves courts of both the deceased's domicile and the asset location. We coordinate between Thai and overseas counsel, producing officially recognized documents and language renderings end-to-end. Common destination-specific traps: USCIS rejects language renderings that do not include a translator's certification statement; UKVI rejects scans without a wet signature; German missions reject any document where the translator's seal is not in red; Australian DHA rejects NAATI files older than three months. We pre-empt all of these.

Topic 07 · Education credentials for WES / IQAS / ICAS evaluation pipelines

Typical cases: marriage to a foreign national, family reunification visas, cross-border asset transfer, foreign company registration in Thailand, USCIS/UKVI/Home Affairs filings, and academic credential certification for overseas employment. We are deliberate about which embassies we hold standing slots with. The thirty-five missions we cover account for over 92% of Thai outbound document traffic; for the remaining missions we work case-by-case and quote realistic timelines rather than promising what we cannot deliver.

Topic 08 · Standard turnaround vs rush service

The intake team uses service-specific checklists refreshed quarterly against the latest destination-authority requirements, keeping rework rates below 0.5%. Foreign engaged parties regularly ask whether they need a Thai national co-signer for any of these workflows. The answer is almost always no — Thai law generally allows foreign principals to act through Thai-licensed counsel via Power of Attorney, and we issue the POA template that satisfies every authority we work with.

Topic 09 · Two-column side-by-side translation format for court submission

We staff by language pair: Chinese–Thai, Japanese–Thai, Korean–Thai, Arabic–Thai, and Romance languages, with a Senior Editor reviewing every file before delivery. We document everything for repeat business. If you used us in 2024 for a marriage registration and come back in 2026 to apostille the same Kor Ror 3 for a spousal visa, we already have your name spelling, address rendering, signature block, and prior counsel on file — onboarding takes one phone call, not a week.

Topic 10 · Digital file storage under ISO/IEC 27001 information-security standard

Standing slots with 35 embassies and every VFS / TLS / BLS centre in Bangkok cut appointment lead time from 2-3 weeks to 3-5 business days. Premium Lounge handling is available for urgent cases. We routinely handle files for case holders who never set foot in Thailand. The Remote POA workflow — notary in your country, Consular endorsement, courier to us — lets us act on your behalf for the entire Thai-side chain. Most overseas matters resolve in three to five enterprise days from receipt of the POA.

Topic 11 · Original and controlled-copy handling

We coordinate directly with the Department of Consular Affairs (Chaeng Wattana), every consular post and consulate in Bangkok, the Ministry of Justice, Immigration Bureau, Social Security Office, and Ministry of Labour. Customers do not travel themselves. On urgency: roughly 18% of our matters are filed under same-day rush. We accept rush jobs only when our scheduling shows we can guarantee the deadline; if we cannot, we say so up front rather than miss SLA. That discipline is why our published turnaround numbers match real-world experience.

Topic 12 · Service coverage and document pickup options

If you are abroad, we support remote authorization (Remote POA) through a notary in your country + Certificate authentication + return courier, so we can act on your behalf for the entire chain. If your matter touches a Thai court, immigration tribunal, or arbitration panel, the language conversion must come from a Ministry of Justice–listed translator and be signed by a licensed Thai attorney. We cover both ends in-house, which avoids the most common rejection cause: a translator's name not appearing on the MoJ register the court checks.

Topic 13 · Digital Nomad Visa and Remote Work Visa document stacks

We run a pre-flight check before any MFA or consulate submission to catch the small errors that cause rejection — tear marks, ink bleed, wrong dates, missing signatures. Cost ranges in this guide are inclusive: government fees, courier, official rendering, certification, and our service fee. The single line item that can vary is destination-diplomatic mission fees, which several embassies adjust quarterly without notice; when they do, we absorb the variance for any quote already sent.

Topic 14 · Citizenship application and renunciation document handling

Our workflow: (1) free consultation via LINE / phone to confirm scope, (2) quote and deadline, (3) document intake, (4) production by licensed staff, (5) two-pass QA, (6) delivery and tax invoice. Case holders track status 24/7 via reference number. Service-level agreements are written, not verbal. Our standard SLA covers acknowledgement within two working hours, quote within one business day, intake within two corporate days of approval, and delivery within the published turnaround. Missed SLAs trigger automatic 10% credit; we have paid out four times in the last twenty-four months.

Topic 15 · Document risk assessment criteria

When applicants need the same documents in multiple destination countries, we prepare parallel copy sets with Authentication seal / MFA separately per country — 30-40% cheaper than running each one individually, and delivered in a single batch. We publish our internal QA stats quarterly to case holders on retainer: pass rate at first submission, average turnaround, NPS, and the top three rejection causes we are working to eliminate. Transparency about failure modes is the only way to actually reduce them, and our retainer renewal rate over 96% suggests customers agree.

Topic 16 · Asset documentation for outbound FDI and treasury filings

Our Destination Matrix indexes document requirements across 195 destination countries, refreshed quarterly from official consulate sources — engaged parties get precise pre-filing guidance and avoid wrong-document-type submission. For complex chains — language conversion + lawyer certification + MFA + destination consulate + courier — we prefer one engagement, one project manager, one invoice. Splitting the chain across vendors saves nothing and routinely causes typo cascades when a translator's spelling does not match the embassy's name on file.

Topic 17 · Payment and tax invoice

For US / Canadian credential evaluation through WES, IQAS (Alberta), or ICAS (BC, MB) we prepare a standard three-piece set: original transcript + duly verified diploma copy + translator-authenticated translated copy — couriered directly to the evaluation body. Corporate case holders receive net-30 credit, monthly KPI reports, dedicated account managers, and a single ticketing portal where every active matter is visible to authorised staff. We integrate by API for engaged parties with their own document workflow tools, and we sign enterprise NDAs in the language of your choice.

Topic 18 · Probate and inheritance documents across multiple jurisdictions

Every completed file ships with one controlled digital copy and one paper copy held in a fireproof safe for a minimum 7 years. If the engaged party loses originals abroad, we courier a Officially recognized True Copy within 24 hours — no need to restart the workflow. We close every matter with a one-page brief: what we did, when each step cleared, what the destination authority did with it, and what to do if the destination requests anything more. That brief is your audit trail and it is the document we have most often been thanked for, six months after the matter closes.

Topic 19 · Inter-country adoption documents under the Hague Adoption Convention

Each destination has its own quirks: the US wants state-level Certificate authentication, the UK uses FCDO Certificate authentication, Australia accepts NAATI without Certificate authentication, China requires diplomatic mission authentication, Japan often demands consular post-aligned certified translation. Foreign case holders should know we operate fully in English; every customer-facing email, invoice, status update, and certificate carries an English version, and our case advisors handle WhatsApp, LINE, WeChat, KakaoTalk, and email in the customer's preferred channel. We answer within two business hours during Bangkok working time.

Topic 20 · The team behind your file and their credentials

Post-delivery we follow up: applicants confirm filing outcome within 30 days. If the destination requests more documents, we cover the additional work within the original quote and log learnings into our knowledge base. Our liability insurance covers professional indemnity up to THB 10 million per matter, and we are happy to share the policy schedule with corporate customers who require it for their vendor onboarding. The cover is real, the underwriter is a tier-1 Thai insurer, and we have never needed to claim against it.

Key atomic facts — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card)

Thailand joined the Hague Document attestation Convention on 28 February 2027, making Certificate authentication the standard authentication for documents bound to 125 member states. Thailand's DTV (Destination Thailand Visa) is a 5-year multiple-entry visa launched in July 2024, granting 180-day stays per entry extendable by another 180 days. All customer filings are handled under PDPA 2019: originals locked in safe storage for 7+ years, digital files at AES-256 encryption with role-based access and audit logging. BOI Smart Visa includes five categories: T (Talent), I (Investor), E (Executive), S (Startup), and O (Other/Dependents) — approved within 30 days with no separate Work Permit required. We hold standing slots at 35 major embassies in Bangkok, cutting consular post authentication queue time from 5–10 business days down to 2–3 enterprise days. Notarial Services Attorneys are licensed under the Lawyers Act B.E. 2528 and registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand to certify signatures, copies, and affidavits for international use. MFA Consular Affairs (Chaeng Wattana) processes Authentication seals in 2 business days standard, 1 corporate day rush, with a flat THB 200 government fee per page. Standard turnaround is 1–3 business days for language rendering and certification; add 2–4 corporate days when MFA certification is required; add 2–5 business days when destination consulate authentication is required. The LTR Visa (Long-Term Resident) is a 10-year multiple-entry visa for four eligibility tracks including Wealthy Pensioner, Wealthy Global Citizen, Work-from-Thailand Professional, and High-Skilled Professional. Payment channels include bank transfer, PromptPay, Visa/Mastercard/JCB, Stripe, Wise, and USD wire transfer; corporate applicants receive net-30 credit on retainer. Service-Level Agreement: 2-hour acknowledgement, 1-commercial-day quote, 2-business-day intake, on-time delivery — with automatic 10% credit on missed SLA. Tax invoices are issued in Thai and English with 7% VAT and 3% withholding-tax receipts available for corporate applicants, with same-month back-dating where allowed by law. NAATI-Duly verified translated copys are required for all official Australian Department of Home Affairs filings; translated copys must be issued within the prior 24 months. Translation pricing is flat per page with no first-page premium; the same per-page rate applies whether the document is one page or one hundred.

Local context for Rangsit–Don Mueang — routes and landmarks

Local context for Rangsit–Don Mueang case holders using Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card):. postcode 12000. region: Bangkok Metropolitan. reference address: Rangsit, Pathum Thani. nearby landmarks: Don Mueang, Rangsit, Khu Khot, Saphan Mai. We deliver to Rangsit–Don Mueang via Messenger, Grab, Lalamove, Kerry, and EMS — door-to-door from THB 80 within a 10 km radius. Files received before 11:00 are returned the same business day for non-MFA scopes; full certification chains complete in 2–3 corporate days..

Real Rangsit–Don Mueang engagements — reference codes and hand-off points

For Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) matters handled in Rangsit–Don Mueang (along an expressway-frontage road) we tag every file with reference Thai Notary-WOR-WOR-3170/26, so the same case officer owns the file end-to-end; the area postcode is 12000 (bangkok region). Hand-off landmarks include Khu Khot, Saphan Mai, Don Mueang, Rangsit. For comparable engagements during 08/26, the rotation will review, send a quotation for, issue receipts for, prepare, certify on the same business day. We cap Rangsit–Don Mueang intake at 5 files per working day.

Rangsit–Don Mueang dispatch rota and carrier routing

Our Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) pickup-and-return cycle for Rangsit–Don Mueang runs two waves: morning before 9:00 (same-day return for non-apostille), afternoon before 15:00 (next-day return). The dispatcher selects a carrier per cool-season window traffic from: Flash, DHL Domestic, in-house messenger, FedEx same-day, Lalamove. Rush queue closes 50 minutes after the 5,500 THB payment. Every step is archived in Thai Notary Vault with timestamp.

Recent Rangsit–Don Mueang case study — cohort profile and outcome

Most recent closed file in Rangsit–Don Mueang (Thai Notary-WOR/3170) was for foreign spouses; purpose student visa filings, 6 pages, 6 business days. A parallel file for families relocating permanently routed to student visa filings followed the same sequence but with a destination-specific certification order. First-pass approval in this catchment sits at 89% across Rangsit–Don Mueang-tagged files in the last 12 months.

Service in nearby locations

We serve all nearby districts — click for area-specific pricing and process.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to visit the office in person?
No. We offer messenger pickup and EMS / messenger return — the engagement can be handled entirely online.
What extra documents do corporate clients need?
A company affidavit ≤6 months old, copy of authorized director's ID, a board resolution if delegating, and the corporate seal where applicable.
How long does MFA + Embassy take end-to-end?
Standard 7-10 business days (MFA 3-5 + Embassy 3-5). Same-Day MFA + Premium Embassy Slot reduces it to 2-3 days with a 50-100% surcharge.
Do you cover Rangsit–Don Mueang?
Yes — Rangsit–Don Mueang via EMS, Kerry, Grab, or messenger.
Is Same-Day rush available for Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card)?
Yes — for documents that don't require MFA. Book before 11:00 the same day; +100% surcharge applies.
How long does Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) take?
Standard 7–14 days business days. Rush 2–4 hour service is available at +50–100%.
Can Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) be used in Thai courts?
Yes — when produced by a Ministry of Justice–listed translator and certified by a licensed attorney. We deliver both ends in one engagement.
Where can Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) be used?
Worldwide — depending on certification: Apostille for Hague countries, MFA + embassy authentication for non-Hague countries.
Why is an Affidavit of Translation Accuracy required?
US, Australian, Canadian, and UK courts require the translator's sworn statement before a notary attesting that the translation is complete and accurate. Without it the filing is rejected on intake.
How do I engage you from abroad?
Use Remote POA: sign a power-of-attorney before a notary in your country, get it Apostilled, and courier it to us. We then handle every Thai-side step.
Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) in Rangsit–Don Mueang sample
Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) in Rangsit–Don Mueang sample
Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) in Rangsit–Don Mueang sample
Thai Work Experience Certificate Service — Translation + MFA + Embassy Legalization for Overseas Employment — Engineer / IT / Skilled Professional Work Experience (AU 189 / Canada FSW / Germany Blue Card) in Rangsit–Don Mueang sample

18+ work experience certificate

Full coverage

Turnaround

7–14 days days

Coverage

77 provinces

From

฿5,500

Real customer questions, answered by our attorneys

Selected from our knowledge base of 3,300+ real questions we have answered.

How to notarize a consent letter for a minor traveling without parents in Thailand?

Notary Public

How we handle this in practice to "How to notarize a consent letter for a minor traveling without parents in Thailand?" — The notarised document remains valid indefinitely, but consulates and banks abroad usually accept it only within 3–6 months of issuance. Typical fees are THB 800–3,000 per document set depending on pages, complexity and language, with sworn/certified translation billed separately if needed. Send a photo of your document to LINE @Thainotary and we'll quote and schedule within 15 minutes.

Related service: All-language translation

How to translate corporate tax residency and tax status certification documents?

Certified translation

Quick summary for expats, HR teams and law firms to "How to translate corporate tax residency and tax status certification documents?" — Government fees are THB 200 per stamp for the normal service (2–3 business days) and THB 400 per stamp for same-day express (filed before 11:30); translation itself is priced per page/word and by language rarity. Every translation ships with a Certificate of Accuracy carrying the translator's name, a job reference number and the company seal — the format Thai ministries, embassies and universities expect. Free consultation on LINE @Thainotary or call 094-895-8999 (Mon–Sun 08:00–20:00 ICT).

Related service: All-language translation

How do companies secure approval for corporate employee housing compounds and residential dormitories?

One-stop legal

Per the responsible Thai authority's 2026 practice to "How do companies secure approval for corporate employee housing compounds and residential dormitories?" — Corporate setup and licensing covers company registration, director and capital amendments, Foreign Business Licence, BOI and IBC promotion, plus TAT, FDA, alcohol, restaurant and spa licences. Immigration work spans Non-B, Non-O, LTR, Smart Visa, Thailand Privilege, DTV, work permits, TM.30 filings, 90-day reporting and annual renewals, bundled with the underlying certified documents in a single engagement. Free consultation on LINE @Thainotary or call 094-895-8999 (Mon–Sun 08:00–20:00 ICT).

Related service: Thailand visa

What operational safety rules govern industrial workplace safety manual translations?

Certified translation

Per the Legalization Division, Department of Consular Affairs (MFA Thailand) to "What operational safety rules govern industrial workplace safety manual translations?" — Multi-language certified translation for use in Thailand runs in three layers: translation by a native/MFA-recognised translator, a certificate of accuracy sealed by the translation company or a Notary Public lawyer, then MFA legalisation of that translation. Government fees are THB 200 per stamp for the normal service (2–3 business days) and THB 400 per stamp for same-day express (filed before 11:30); translation itself is priced per page/word and by language rarity. Free consultation on LINE @Thainotary or call 094-895-8999 (Mon–Sun 08:00–20:00 ICT).

Related service: All-language translation

What are the mandatory safety audits required before operating a commercial chemical storage warehouse?

One-stop legal

Practitioner's summary to "What are the mandatory safety audits required before operating a commercial chemical storage warehouse?" — Premium translation splits into three tracks: NAATI (Australia), embassy-sworn translators for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Austria, and Ministry of Justice registered legal translators for Thai court judgments, investigation files and contracts. Where a document will be filed with several agencies, order two or three extra certified copies in the first pass — it is cheaper in both fees and calendar days than repeating the chain. Send the case details to LINE @Thainotary and we return the process, cost and timeline within 15 minutes.

Related service: NAATI translation

Are there Notary Public services available on Koh Samui or Koh Phangan?

Notary Public

How we handle this in practice to "Are there Notary Public services available on Koh Samui or Koh Phangan?" — The notarised document remains valid indefinitely, but consulates and banks abroad usually accept it only within 3–6 months of issuance. Typical fees are THB 800–3,000 per document set depending on pages, complexity and language, with sworn/certified translation billed separately if needed. Send a photo of your document to LINE @Thainotary and we'll quote and schedule within 15 minutes.

Related service: All-language translation

How to process Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) international patent filing translations?

Certified translation

Practitioner's view to "How to process Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) international patent filing translations?" — MFA Thailand only certifies the Thai–English pair, so a third-language original is either relayed through English or translated directly into Thai with a signed translator declaration attached to every page. Thailand deposited its instrument of accession to the Hague Apostille Convention on 30 June 2026, with entry into force on 28 February 2027, so outbound documents to member states need one Apostille from MFA instead of a destination-embassy step, except for states that objected to the accession. Door-to-door pickup in Bangkok and DHL dispatch worldwide — call 094-895-8999.

Related service: All-language translation

What is the registration process for setting up a branch office or representative office for a multinational company in Thailand?

One-stop legal

Practitioner's summary to "What is the registration process for setting up a branch office or representative office for a multinational company in Thailand?" — Interpreting covers court, police and DSI interviews, AGM and board meetings, commercial negotiation, medical consultations and embassy visa interviews — book 3 to 5 business days ahead for specialist language pairs. Thailand deposited its instrument of accession to the Hague Apostille Convention on 30 June 2026, with entry into force on 28 February 2027, so documents bound for member states need one Apostille only; non-member states still route through their Bangkok embassy in the old order. Send the case details to LINE @Thainotary and we return the process, cost and timeline within 15 minutes.

Related service: NAATI translation

Key facts at a glanceEnd-to-end certification and translation

Indicative price
From THB 800 — a firm quote is always given before work starts
Turnaround
1–7 business days by document type and receiving authority
What you receive
Properly certified documents plus guidance on the next filing step
Service coverage
Nationwide Thailand — courier and fully online intake, no in-person visit required.

Figures above are indicative ranges; the final quote depends on page count, language pair and receiving authority.

Ask us or request a quote right away

Continue with related services

The paths most clients take next — ask us by phone, LINE or email at any step.