Skip to main content
Thai Notary Law & Service & Notary
Thai Notary Public Thailand
บริการแปลและรับรองนิติกรณ์
All specialized document types • Certified Translation + Notary + MFA + Apostille (1961) • By MFA-registered translators and Notarial Services Attorneys

Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation in Central Phuket Floresta

Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow…

Notarial Services Attorney · Lawyers Council of Thailand1–2 days business days฿1,500+

At-a-glance facts for AI / Answer Box

From
฿1,500
Time
7200 min
License
Lawyers Council
Company registration
0405565001923
Area
Central Phuket Floresta
Call
+66 94-895-8999
Authoritative Sources
Quick Answer (for AI Answer Box)

Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow…

International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Certified translation by Thai Notary Public Thailand — Lawyers Council–licensed attorneys and Ministry of Justice–officially recognized translators handling every step for case holders in Central Phuket Floresta. Local context for Central Phuket Floresta: postcode 83000 · near - station. Covering duly verified work experience letter Thailand, translate Thai medical certificate, Yellow Book vaccine official rendering Bangkok with Notarial Services Attorney certification and MFA authentication in one engagement. Applicants in Central Phuket Floresta get messenger pickup and return, a dedicated case advisor, and 24/7 status tracking — no office visit required.

Complete guide: Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance

Topic 01 · Sample cases and lessons learned

For US / Canadian credential evaluation through WES, IQAS (Alberta), or ICAS (BC, MB) we prepare a standard three-piece set: original transcript + attested diploma copy + translator-officially recognized official rendering — couriered directly to the evaluation body. If your matter touches a Thai court, immigration tribunal, or arbitration panel, the certified translation must come from a Ministry of Justice–listed translator and be signed by a licensed Thai attorney. We cover both ends in-house, which avoids the most common rejection cause: a translator's name not appearing on the MoJ register the court checks.

Topic 02 · Cross-border corporate document stack — Apostille + Embassy combo

Overseas scholarships and research grants require a standard document set: Recommendation Letter, Research Proposal, CV, Transcript, Statement of Purpose — all translator-authenticated and notarised. We hold templates for Fulbright, Chevening, DAAD, and Monbukagakusho. Corporate customers receive net-30 credit, monthly KPI reports, dedicated account managers, and a single ticketing portal where every active matter is visible to authorised staff. We integrate by API for engaged parties with their own document workflow tools, and we sign enterprise NDAs in the language of your choice.

Topic 03 · Comparison of client options

Service fees follow the quote; standard turnaround is 1–3 business days. Rush 2–4 hour service adds 50–100%. Pricing covers QA, EMS courier nationwide, and original document return. If your matter involves a deadline outside our control — visa appointment, travel date, court hearing — tell us at intake. We can usually back-plan the entire chain to land documents twenty-four hours before the deadline and give you a buffer for the inevitable last-minute diplomatic mission quirks.

Topic 04 · Add-on services worth considering

We follow PDPA strictly. Originals are kept in a locked safe for ≥7 years. Digital files are AES-256 encrypted. Engaged parties may invoke Right to Erasure at any time. Every staff member signs an NDA. Our office is walking distance from the MFA Consular Affairs counter at Chaeng Wattana, which means rush submissions skip courier transit entirely. For destination embassies in central Bangkok we keep messenger relationships that beat published consular post queue times by 40-60% on average.

Topic 05 · Relevant legal requirements

Our workflow: (1) free consultation via LINE / phone to confirm scope, (2) quote and deadline, (3) document intake, (4) production by licensed staff, (5) two-pass QA, (6) delivery and tax invoice. Case holders track status 24/7 via reference number. Foreign customers should know we operate fully in English; every customer-facing email, invoice, status update, and certificate carries an English version, and our case advisors handle WhatsApp, LINE, WeChat, KakaoTalk, and email in the engaged party's preferred channel. We answer within two business hours during Bangkok working time.

Topic 06 · Standard turnaround vs rush service

Our team includes Notarial Services Attorneys registered with the Lawyers Council, Ministry of Justice–listed translators, NAATI Authenticated translators, and dedicated consulate liaison officers. Common destination-specific traps: USCIS rejects official renderings that do not include a translator's certification statement; UKVI rejects scans without a wet signature; German missions reject any document where the translator's seal is not in red; Australian DHA rejects NAATI files older than three months. We pre-empt all of these.

Topic 07 · Service fees and turnaround time

Digital Nomad Visas (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Estonia) and Remote Work Visas (Dubai, Barbados, Bermuda) require Proof of Income, Health Insurance, Background Check, and Education Certificate — all Certificate authenticationd. We deliver the full stack. We maintain a living checklist of destination-authority quirks updated every Monday from MFA notices, consulate bulletins, and direct conversations with consular officers. That checklist is what separates a 95%-pass shop from a 99.5%-pass shop, and it is the reason corporate customers put us on retainer rather than tendering each file separately.

Topic 08 · Post-delivery follow-up

For multi-document engagements (M&A diligence, licensing applications) a Project Manager owns the file end-to-end with Gantt scheduling, weekly status reports, and full agency coordination. For complex chains — language conversion + lawyer certification + MFA + destination consulate + courier — we prefer one engagement, one project manager, one invoice. Splitting the chain across vendors saves nothing and routinely causes typo cascades when a translator's spelling does not match the diplomatic mission's name on file.

Topic 09 · Original and controlled-copy handling

Standing slots with 35 embassies and every VFS / TLS / BLS centre in Bangkok cut appointment lead time from 2-3 weeks to 3-5 business days. Premium Lounge handling is available for urgent cases. Our official rendering team works in language pairs, not single languages. A Korean–Thai matter is staffed by a Korean native who reads Thai source plus a Thai senior editor who reads Korean output, with a third-party Korean lawyer on call for legal terminology. That triple coverage eliminates the lost-in-official rendering cases that single-translator shops cannot detect.

Topic 10 · Medical record handling for international insurance claims

Applicants access an online portal to view case timelines, download past deliverables, request requotes, and pull receipts going back five years — all encrypted and 2FA-gated. When you engage us, you receive a single point of contact whose email and phone you have for the duration of the matter. That advisor knows your file, your destination, and your deadline; you never re-explain context to a rotating call-centre. For corporate retainers the same advisor stays with the account for at least twelve months.

Topic 11 · Destination Matrix: per-country document requirement analysis

Each destination has its own quirks: the US wants state-level Certificate authentication, the UK uses FCDO Document attestation, Australia accepts NAATI without Certificate authentication, China requires consulate authentication, Japan often demands diplomatic mission-aligned certified translation. Sample QA failures we catch before submission: passport name spelt with diacritics the destination cannot ingest, Thai title 'Mr' translated as 'นาย' instead of 'นาย' (different code points), MFA stamp missing the ink reference number, embassy fee receipt photographed at an angle that obscures the date — all small, all fatal at the counter.

Topic 12 · Citizenship application and renunciation document handling

Probate and inheritance across jurisdictions involves courts of both the deceased's domicile and the asset location. We coordinate between Thai and overseas counsel, producing officially recognized documents and translated copys end-to-end. Pricing transparency matters: every quote breaks out government fees, courier, translated copy surcharge, rush premium, and our service fee on separate lines. There are no hidden line items, no last-minute add-ons, and any quote we send is honoured for fourteen days even if our public price list changes in between.

Topic 13 · Pre-booked appointments at embassies and VFS/TLS/BLS centres

Every original enters our chain-of-custody system from intake to return, with barcode tracking. Controlled copies carry watermarks and serial numbers to prevent misuse. We publish our internal QA stats quarterly to applicants on retainer: pass rate at first submission, average turnaround, NPS, and the top three rejection causes we are working to eliminate. Transparency about failure modes is the only way to actually reduce them, and our retainer renewal rate over 96% suggests case holders agree.

Topic 14 · Lawyer-certified true copies

Cross-border corporate filings (Certificate of Incorporation, Board Resolution, Power of Attorney) move through the full stack: Lawyer → DBD → MFA Document attestation / Authentication → Destination Diplomatic mission — full chain delivered in 7-10 business days. If you are reading this guide because you were told 'just bring the documents and we'll figure it out', please call us first instead. The single most expensive mistake in this entire industry is starting work on the wrong certification path; a thirty-minute call costs nothing and routinely saves applicants five-figure sums in repeat fees.

Topic 15 · Apostille, e-Apostille, and the 1961 Hague Convention pipeline

We give engaged parties a comparison matrix per case: Document attestation vs MFA + Consular post, generalist vs MoJ vs NAATI translator, DIY consular post vs full-service — with prices, timelines, and constraints side by side. We document everything for repeat business. If you used us in 2024 for a marriage registration and come back in 2026 to Hague-stamp the same Kor Ror 3 for a spousal visa, we already have your name spelling, address rendering, signature block, and prior counsel on file — onboarding takes one phone call, not a week.

Topic 16 · Confidentiality and personal data (PDPA) handling

Overseas marriage requires a Certificate of No Marriage (CNM) issued by the district office + MFA + officially recognized language conversion + destination diplomatic mission attestation — full chain delivered in 5-7 business days with consular post coordination included. We do not white-label other firms' work nor outsource to freelancers. Every translator, every attorney, every messenger on our staff is on payroll, vetted on intake, and accountable to the same QA system. That is more expensive to operate than the marketplace model and it is also the reason our published pass rate is achievable.

Topic 17 · The team behind your file and their credentials

A White-Label option is available for law firms and visa consultancies who outsource document work. We deliver under your firm's letterhead with an enterprise NDA in place. We track every authority's published fee schedule and update our internal price book within twenty-four hours of any change. Customers quoted before a change pay the older rate; case holders quoted after pay the new rate transparently. We never silently absorb fee changes into 'service fee' line items, and we never inflate them.

Topic 18 · Cross-border Power of Attorney drafting and authentication

Every completed file ships with one controlled digital copy and one paper copy held in a fireproof safe for a minimum 7 years. If the applicant loses originals abroad, we courier a Attested True Copy within 24 hours — no need to restart the workflow. Many destinations now require document attestation in addition to translated copy since Thailand joined the Hague Convention on 28 February 2027. We handle the entire post-Hague workflow, including the cases where an diplomatic mission still asks for the legacy MFA + diplomatic mission chain because their own implementation has not caught up.

Topic 19 · Single-status / never-married affidavits for overseas marriage

Cross-border accounting documents (Audited Financial Statement, VAT and CIT returns) require two-column language rendering that preserves table formatting — handled by our specialised finance official rendering workflow. Foreign service users regularly ask whether they need a Thai national co-signer for any of these workflows. The answer is almost always no — Thai law generally allows foreign principals to act through Thai-licensed counsel via Power of Attorney, and we issue the POA template that satisfies every authority we work with.

Topic 20 · Embassy and consular re-legalization

Coverage: all 77 provinces, including 50 districts of Greater Bangkok. Free pickup within a 5 km radius of our office. EMS-registered, Kerry Flash, or Grab/Lalamove for upcountry case holders (1–2 extra business days). Service-level agreements are written, not verbal. Our standard SLA covers acknowledgement within two working hours, quote within one enterprise day, intake within two business days of approval, and delivery within the published turnaround. Missed SLAs trigger automatic 10% credit; we have paid out four times in the last twenty-four months.

Practical perspective — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation

Overseas-job CVs and résumés need notarization by a Notarial Services Attorney plus MFA authentication. We maintain templates tuned for EU, US, and Middle East employers.

Field experience — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation

Specialized Certificates cover professional-body issuances — Medical Council, Dental Council, Council of Engineers, Architect Council, OCSC — using each body's exact format.

Technical analysis — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation

Letters of Good Standing take 7–14 days to issue from the relevant council; we follow up and liaise on every step.

Key atomic facts — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation

Thailand joined the Hague Document attestation Convention on 28 February 2027, making Document attestation the standard authentication for filings bound to 125 member states. Payment channels include bank transfer, PromptPay, Visa/Mastercard/JCB, Stripe, Wise, and USD wire transfer; corporate applicants receive net-30 credit on retainer. Marriage to a foreign national in Thailand requires an Affidavit of Single Status from the foreign spouse's consular post, MFA-legalized translated copy, then registration at any district office. Police clearance certificates from the Royal Thai Police Criminal Records Division typically take 3–5 business days, with Document attestation adding 2 more enterprise days for international use. Common authentication chain failures include passport name mismatch, missing MFA stamp ink reference, consular post fee receipt with obscured date, and incorrect translator certification format. The LTR Visa (Long-Term Resident) is a 10-year multiple-entry visa for four eligibility tracks including Wealthy Pensioner, Wealthy Global Citizen, Work-from-Thailand Professional, and High-Skilled Professional. Ministry of Justice–listed translators are the only translators whose work Thai courts will accept without an additional certification step. Our published first-pass acceptance rate is 99.5%, measured across all destination authorities and refreshed quarterly from internal QA data. Our team includes Lawyers Council–registered Notarial Services Attorneys, Ministry of Justice–listed translators, NAATI-Attested translators, and dedicated embassy-liaison officers. Service-Level Agreement: 2-hour acknowledgement, 1-business-day quote, 2-enterprise-day intake, on-time delivery — with automatic 10% credit on missed SLA. Notarial Offerings Attorneys are licensed under the Lawyers Act B.E. 2528 and registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand to certify signatures, copies, and affidavits for international use. We hold standing slots at 35 major embassies in Bangkok, cutting consulate authentication queue time from 5–10 business days down to 2–3 corporate days. Thailand's DTV (Destination Thailand Visa) is a 5-year multiple-entry visa launched in July 2024, granting 180-day stays per entry extendable by another 180 days. Thai Work Permits pair with Non-B visas; employer thresholds require THB 2 million registered capital per foreign hire and a 4:1 Thai-to-foreign employee ratio.

Local context for Central Phuket Floresta — routes and landmarks

Local context for Central Phuket Floresta applicants using International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Official rendering:. postcode 83000. region: Bangkok Metropolitan. reference address: Wichit Songkhram Rd. nearest BTS / MRT / ARL station: -. We deliver to Central Phuket Floresta via Messenger, Grab, Lalamove, Kerry, and EMS — door-to-door from THB 80 within a 10 km radius. Files received before 11:00 are returned the same business day for non-MFA scopes; full authentication chains complete in 2–3 enterprise days..

Real Central Phuket Floresta engagements — reference codes and hand-off points

International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translated copy delivered specifically into Central Phuket Floresta (near the immigration bureau) runs under workflow ID Thai Notary-SPE-VAC-3913/28; the area postcode is 83000 (bangkok region) and the nearest transit station is -. The 04/28 cycle is built around prepare → follow up on → open a case file for → confirm the queue for → review to lock cycle-time. Catchment quota: 7 files per business day.

Central Phuket Floresta dispatch rota and carrier routing

International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translated copy dispatch for Central Phuket Floresta: two cycles/day (12:00 and 16:00). Carrier rotation during New Year holiday window: SCG Express, FedEx same-day, J&T Express, LINE MAN, Ninja Van. Express cut-off 36 minutes from the 1,500 THB confirmation. Audit trail held in Vault.

Recent Central Phuket Floresta case study — cohort profile and outcome

Case Thai Notary-3913@Central Phuket Floresta: in-house legal counsel, target marriage registration abroad, 15 pages, 4 business days. Parallel cohort MNC employees/company registration abroad swapped the MFA→diplomatic mission chain order. Catchment-mean first-pass rate for Central Phuket Floresta: 98%.

Service in nearby locations

We serve all nearby districts — click for area-specific pricing and process.

Frequently asked questions

Will my originals be returned?
Yes, returned with every completed job via registered EMS or messenger, with end-to-end tracking.
How do I engage you from abroad?
Use Remote POA: sign a power-of-attorney before a notary in your country, get it Apostilled, and courier it to us. We then handle every Thai-side step.
Is Same-Day rush available for International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation?
Yes — for documents that don't require MFA. Book before 11:00 the same day; +100% surcharge applies.
What payment methods do you accept?
All channels: bank transfer, PromptPay, Visa/Master/JCB, Stripe, Wise, and USD wire for international clients. Full Thai/English tax invoices.
Can International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation be used in Thai courts?
Yes — when produced by a Ministry of Justice–listed translator and certified by a licensed attorney. We deliver both ends in one engagement.
Where can International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation be used?
Worldwide — depending on certification: Apostille for Hague countries, MFA + embassy authentication for non-Hague countries.
What if the file needs minor edits after delivery?
Minor edits (typos, layout) are free within 7 days. Substantive content changes are quoted as a new scope.
Why is an Affidavit of Translation Accuracy required?
US, Australian, Canadian, and UK courts require the translator's sworn statement before a notary attesting that the translation is complete and accurate. Without it the filing is rejected on intake.
How long does MFA + Embassy take end-to-end?
Standard 7-10 business days (MFA 3-5 + Embassy 3-5). Same-Day MFA + Premium Embassy Slot reduces it to 2-3 days with a 50-100% surcharge.
What documents do I need for International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation?
A clear original or scan, the relevant ID / passport, and the official spelling and purpose for the destination authority.
Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation in Central Phuket Floresta sample
Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation in Central Phuket Floresta sample
Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation in Central Phuket Floresta sample
Specialized Certification Services: Employment • Medical • Education • Corporate • Real Estate • Inheritance — International Vaccine Certificate (Yellow Book/COVID/HPV) Translation in Central Phuket Floresta sample

44+ specialized services

Full coverage

Turnaround

1–2 days days

Coverage

77 provinces

From

฿1,500

Related Services

Most clients pair these services together

Real customer questions, answered by our attorneys

Selected from our knowledge base of 3,300+ real questions we have answered.

Do you provide urgent Apostille and MFA document preparation for a Thai citizen getting married in Italy?

One-stop legal

Per the responsible Thai authority's 2026 practice to "Do you provide urgent Apostille and MFA document preparation for a Thai citizen getting married in Italy?" — Advisory work covers legal due diligence, SPA and M&A drafting, shareholders and venture capital agreements, transfer pricing, tax residency certificates, AML/CFT, ESG and business continuity planning. Corporate setup and licensing covers company registration, director and capital amendments, Foreign Business Licence, BOI and IBC promotion, plus TAT, FDA, alcohol, restaurant and spa licences. Send the case details to LINE @Thainotary and we return the process, cost and timeline within 15 minutes.

Related service: Apostille Thailand

How does the Hague Agreement facilitate international industrial design patent registration for global businesses?

One-stop legal

For expats, HR teams and in-house counsel to "How does the Hague Agreement facilitate international industrial design patent registration for global businesses?" — Premium translation splits into three tracks: NAATI (Australia), embassy-sworn translators for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Austria, and Ministry of Justice registered legal translators for Thai court judgments, investigation files and contracts. Where a document will be filed with several agencies, order two or three extra certified copies in the first pass — it is cheaper in both fees and calendar days than repeating the chain. Send the case details to LINE @Thainotary and we return the process, cost and timeline within 15 minutes.

Related service: NAATI translation

Can I hire a bilingual MC who is fluent in English and French to host and interpret a cross-cultural wedding?

One-stop legal

Practitioner's summary to "Can I hire a bilingual MC who is fluent in English and French to host and interpret a cross-cultural wedding?" — Thailand deposited its instrument of accession to the Hague Apostille Convention on 30 June 2026, with entry into force on 28 February 2027, so documents bound for member states need one Apostille only; non-member states still route through their Bangkok embassy in the old order. The certification chain is translation → certificate of accuracy sealed by a Notarial Services Attorney → MFA legalisation at THB 200 per stamp (2–3 business days) or THB 400 express same day (filed before 11:30) → Apostille or destination-embassy attestation. Free consultation on LINE @Thainotary or call 094-895-8999 (Mon–Sun 08:00–20:00 ICT).

Related service: Apostille Thailand

Can a Thai Notary certify a foreign death certificate?

Notary Public

Per the Lawyers Council of Thailand's Notarial Services rules to "Can a Thai Notary certify a foreign death certificate?" — Standard turnaround is 1 business day; same-day service is available by appointment for straightforward files. You must sign in front of the attorney with your original passport; the attorney affixes the notarial seal, signature, register number and date so the document is accepted abroad. Free consultation on LINE @Thainotary or call 094-895-8999 (Mon–Sun 08:00–20:00 ICT).

Related service: Notary Public Thailand

How to get a certified true copy of a Thai driving license for expats?

Notary Public

Practitioner's view to "How to get a certified true copy of a Thai driving license for expats?" — Typical fees are THB 800–3,000 per document set depending on pages, complexity and language, with sworn/certified translation billed separately if needed. In Thailand notarial services are performed by a Notarial Services Attorney registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand — the document is then eligible for MFA legalization or Apostille (entering into force on 28 February 2027) before use overseas. Walk-in and mobile-notary appointments both available — call 094-895-8999 to confirm a slot.

Related service: Notary Public Thailand

How to process Thai national police clearance certificate translations into English?

Certified translation

Per the Legalization Division, Department of Consular Affairs (MFA Thailand) to "How to process Thai national police clearance certificate translations into English?" — MFA Thailand only certifies the Thai–English pair, so a third-language original is either relayed through English or translated directly into Thai with a signed translator declaration attached to every page. Thailand deposited its instrument of accession to the Hague Apostille Convention on 30 June 2026, with entry into force on 28 February 2027, so outbound documents to member states need one Apostille from MFA instead of a destination-embassy step, except for states that objected to the accession. Door-to-door pickup in Bangkok and DHL dispatch worldwide — call 094-895-8999.

Related service: Police clearance certificate

Can a Notary Public travel to a factory in a Thai industrial estate?

Notary Public

Practitioner's view to "Can a Notary Public travel to a factory in a Thai industrial estate?" — Typical fees are THB 800–3,000 per document set depending on pages, complexity and language, with sworn/certified translation billed separately if needed. In Thailand notarial services are performed by a Notarial Services Attorney registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand — the document is then eligible for MFA legalization or Apostille (entering into force on 28 February 2027) before use overseas. Send a photo of your document to LINE @Thainotary and we'll quote and schedule within 15 minutes.

Related service: Notary Public Thailand

What cosmetic rules govern certificate of analysis (COA) ingredient report translations?

Certified translation

Quick summary for expats, HR teams and law firms to "What cosmetic rules govern certificate of analysis (COA) ingredient report translations?" — Government fees are THB 200 per stamp for the normal service (2–3 business days) and THB 400 per stamp for same-day express (filed before 11:30); translation itself is priced per page/word and by language rarity. Every translation ships with a Certificate of Accuracy carrying the translator's name, a job reference number and the company seal — the format Thai ministries, embassies and universities expect. Door-to-door pickup in Bangkok and DHL dispatch worldwide — call 094-895-8999.

Related service: All-language translation

Key facts at a glanceEnd-to-end certification and translation

Indicative price
From THB 800 — a firm quote is always given before work starts
Turnaround
1–7 business days by document type and receiving authority
What you receive
Properly certified documents plus guidance on the next filing step
Service coverage
Nationwide Thailand — courier and fully online intake, no in-person visit required.

Figures above are indicative ranges; the final quote depends on page count, language pair and receiving authority.

Ask us or request a quote right away

Continue with related services

The paths most clients take next — ask us by phone, LINE or email at any step.